sciencefather | Genetics of Rheumatoid Arthritis : Fast Facts #Sciencefa...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints, causing pain, swelling, and potential joint damage. The genetics of RA play a significant role in its development and progression. Key genetic factors include the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, particularly the HLA-DRB1 gene, which is strongly associated with increased susceptibility to RA. Specific alleles, known as the "shared epitope," within the HLA-DRB1 gene are linked to a higher risk and more severe disease course. Besides HLA, other genetic loci, such as PTPN22, STAT4, and TRAF1/C5, also contribute to RA risk, highlighting the complex polygenic nature of the disease. These genetic factors influence the immune system, leading to autoimmunity and chronic inflammation characteristic of RA. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of RA helps in identifying individuals at risk, developing personalized treatment approaches, and finding new therapeutic targets.
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