Sunlight's hidden power supercharges water evaporation #worldresearchawards #researchawards


Sunlight is nature’s most efficient tool for evaporating water. A recent study from North Carolina State University reveals that the key lies not in heat, but in the oscillating electric field that light carries.

This field interacts with water molecules in a unique way, helping them escape into the air faster than when heated by conventional sources.

Study lead author Saqlain Raza, a PhD student at NC State, noted that it’s well established that the sun is exceptionally good at causing water to evaporate – more efficient than heating water on the stove, for instance.

“However, it has not been clear exactly why. Our work highlights the role that electric fields play in this process,” said Raza.

The researchers simulated water evaporation using molecular dynamics. These simulations allowed them to pinpoint how sunlight’s electric field speeds up the evaporation process by acting on clusters of water molecules at the surface.

The team compared evaporation from pure water and water contained in hydrogels under thermal conditions. When both systems received the same heat input, the evaporation rate remained the same.

This showed that the presence of hydrogel alone does not boost evaporation beyond thermal limits.

The researchers also investigated the idea that hydrogels reduce water’s latent heat through the formation of intermediate water states.

However, the interaction energy of intermediate water was only about twelve percent lower than free water. This small difference does not justify the much higher evaporation rates seen in previous experiments.

The simulations confirmed that intermediate water states do not make evaporation significantly easier. Most of the enhanced evaporation seen in experiments must result from another factor.

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